http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/at/legalcode The main objective of this dissertation is to give necessary and sufficient conditions under which a bounded linear operator T can be represented as the direct sum of a nilpotent (quasinilpotent, Riesz) operator TN and an operator TM which belongs to any of the following classes: upper (lower) semi-Fredholm operators, Fredholm operators, upper (lower) semi-Weyl operators, Weyl operators, upper (lower) semi-Browder operators, Browder operators, bounded below operators, surjective operators and invertible operators. These results are applied to different types of spectra. In addition, we introduce the notions of the generalized Kato-Riesz decomposition and generalized Drazin-Riesz invertible operators. Moreover, we study the generalized Drazin spectrum of an upper triangular operator matrix acting on the product of Banach or separable Hilbert spaces. Further, motivated by the Atkinson type theorem for B-Fredholm operators, we introduce the notion of a B-Fredholm Banach algebra element. These objects are characterized and their main properties are studied. We also extend some results from the Fredholm theory to unbounded closed operators. Biography: str. [91] Datum odbrane: 11.10.2017. Functional analysis info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis Cvetković, Miloš D. 1983- https://phaidrani.ni.ac.rs/o:1421 cobiss:1025546985 thesis:5455 VI, 90 str. 4665008 bytes Kato type decompositions and generalizations of Drazin invertibility eng 2017 Živković-Zlatanović, Snežana 1965- Rakočević, Vladimir 1953- Đorđević, Dragan 1970- Pilipovic, Stevan 1950- Mosić, Dijana 1981-